Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Sex allocation of females and hermaphrodites in the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum.
Seed production and patterns of sex allocation were studied in female and hermaphroditic plants in two gynodioecious populations of Geranium sylvaticum (Geraniaceae). Females produced more flower buds and seeds than hermaphrodites in one of the two study populations. The other female traits measured (pistil biomass, seed number per fruit, individual seed mass) did not differ between the gender ...
متن کاملFemale frequency and relative fitness of females and hermaphrodites in gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum (Geraniaceae).
We determined female frequency of 23 populations of the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum (Geraniaceae) in Finland. We compared our results to previous results on this species from the 1960s in order to reveal putative changes in female frequencies. Because females may be maintained in gynodioecious populations if their seed production or offspring quality is higher than that of hermaphrodites,...
متن کاملNectar Sugar Production across Floral Phases in the Gynodioecious Protandrous Plant Geranium sylvaticum
Many zoophilous plants attract their pollinators by offering nectar as a reward. In gynodioecious plants (i.e. populations are composed of female and hermaphrodite individuals) nectar production has been repeatedly reported to be larger in hermaphrodite compared to female flowers even though nectar production across the different floral phases in dichogamous plants (i.e. plants with time separa...
متن کاملFemale compensation through the quantity and quality of progeny in a gynodioecious plant, Geranium maculatum (Geraniaceae).
One of the major evolutionary trends in flowering plants is the evolution of unisexual flowers (male or female) from perfect flowers. This transition has occurred repeatedly in many taxa and has generated a wonderful array of variation in sexual expression among species. Theoretical studies have proposed a number of mechanisms to explain how this level of variation could be maintained in natura...
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سنتز سبز نانوذرات فلزی (nps) درسالهای اخیر توجه بسیارزیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. زیرا این پروتوکل کم هزینه وسازگار با محیط زیست از روش های استاندارد سنتز. در این پایان نامه ما گزارش میکنیم یک روش ساده و سازگار با محیط زیست برای سنتز نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از محلول آبی عصاره گیاه allium iranicum به عنوان یک عامل کاهش دهنده ی طبیعی. نانو ذرات نقره مشخص شد با استفاده از تکنیک های uv-visible، x...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Flora
سال: 2017
ISSN: 0367-2530
DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2016.11.007